The Form and Tonal Structure of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata...

The Form and Tonal Structure of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, Op. 13, II. â€Å"Adagio cantabile† March 19, 2013 Form and Analysis Many consider Ludwig Von Beethoven’s Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, Op. 13 as his first major musical accomplishment, more commonly known as Sonata Pathetique. Written at the age of 27 in 1798, the young composer had gained instant fame and his work was published only a year later. Beethoven, being one of the first significant musicians to work for them selves, is said to have given it the title. This composition consists of three movements of which we will further examine movement II, Adagio Cantabile. This movement is placed in high contrast with the other two, particularly in tempo.†¦show more content†¦The Câ™ ­=Bâ™ ® and Eâ™ ­= Dâ™ ¯ and E=Fâ™ ­, which is â™ ­^6 of Aâ™ ­ ultimately acting as the enharmonic pivot into the flattened submediant with a PAC in m. 44 establishing the key of E major. The section carries on with a V-I confirmation of the new tonic until m. 48 where the home key of Aâ™ ­ is brought back in through the use of s econdary dominants and tension that ends the section with a HC at m. 50 and is released with the MT into the final A section. Section A’’ (mm. 51-65) repeats the MT with variation mostly in rhythmic changes leading up to the PAC in Aâ™ ­ major at m. 66 where the coda (m. 66-73) begins. The coda essentially acts as a tonic expansion with some added 9ths to the dominant as seen in m. 67 and m.69. The piece works the V-I in a decrescendo to the final PAC in Aâ™ ­ major in m. 73. Out of all of Beethoven’s works, this one arguably stands as one of his most famous. Some say it is because of the heart that was introduced by a musician that was working only for himself, others claim he simply modified Mozart themes. Either way, the form is executed perfectly in a beautiful musicalShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Beethoven Pathetique Sonata4398 Words   |  18 PagesAn application of Analysis of Beethoven’s ‘Pathetique’ piano sonata No. 8 inC minor, Op.13 with particular focus on musical features such as melody, thematic content, rhythm, form and structure, and harmony. Bent states that analysis is the means of answering the question, how does it work? According to Bent, analysis is a relatively young discipline â€Å"analysis as a pursuit in its own right became established during the 19th century† (Bent, 2006, p.13), although basic methods of analysis of music

Persuasive Essay Life Is About Rhythm - 1443 Words

Persuasive Essay Mickey Hart once said, â€Å"Life is about rhythm. We vibrate, our hearts are pumping blood, we are a rhythm machine, that’s what we are.† Percussion has grown to have a vast importance in all forms of modern Western music, because of the incorporation of percussion into both academia and entertainment music. At first, percussion was introduced into Western Classical music as a means of getting exotic and unusual sounds for composers, and that trend continued all throughout the Romantic era, and even to the present. This surge in percussion instruments, especially the drum set, influenced the early forms of Jazz ushering in percussion into the entertainment/commercial music side of music. Drum set was the avenue that allowed†¦show more content†¦This resulted in those sections of the orchestra being expanded to accommodate this need. Percussion sections went from 1-3 musicians to 6-8 musicians; in some cases, like Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture, even large r sections were needed. Consequently, all of this points out the need of composers to continually find unique and unusual sounds; pushing the boundaries of Western music. This trend has continued all the way to the present, composers like John Cage, Aaron Copland, and Charles Ives used percussion in the 1900’s to recreate Western music in their respective views. However, all of them used percussion to bring more uniqueness to music, like John Cage’s use of tin cans in Third Construction. This style of music has been viewed as Avant Garde and possibly damaging to the established norms of music, but as the composers that came before them, they use percussion to bring a dynamic interest and push the boundaries of music. As dynamic as percussion is in Western academia music, composers could have gone without it, like the several centuries before the timpani’s inclusion. However, with the inclusion of percussion the orchestra’s dynamic completely changed. After the Civil War, Western music began to split between Commercial and Academic. Commercial music began from the roots of Jazz, and became the popular music. No longer was the orchestra the avenue of popular musical fulfillment. OfShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Individuality Is Not Just Where One Has Shaped My Life896 Words   |  4 Pagesnow you would be puzzled. However, this puzzle has shaped my life.† (Song 1) The way I have fashioned this piece insinuates that I am speaking to an audience. Thus, I have my topic, the notion that individuality is not just where one was born, but multiple aspects, such as culture, family background and experiences make a part of one’s identity. I also use foreshadowing, in the following sentence, â€Å"However, this puzzle has shaped my life.† (Song 1) This sentence signifies a change in topic and I laterRead More`` Thought, By Louis H. Sullivan911 Words   |  4 Pages In his essay, â€Å"Thought,† Louis H. Sullivan illustrates the importance of real thinking and creative thinking. He asserts that words are not really necessary to use to express our thoughts. He presents other wordless forms of communication to translate our thoughts into loud expressions. Music, painting, images and other wordless forms are the solution the author suggest, as better forms of communication. â€Å"Real thinking is better done without words† Sullivan argues. â€Å"Words† cut off the inspirationRead MoreThe Famous Last Thoughts Of My Dying Hope For Success1492 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"And remember class, your essays are due tomorrow,† the famous last thoughts of my dying hope for success. Ever since writing mo longer became about how well you understood and developed ideas, my progression towards a well published essay slowly rolled down the hill to failure. This could be caused by my lack of discipline, drive to perfection, or my sheer ability to misspell words like misguided, random, and unorganized (which, ironically, are all words that could be used to describe my writingRead MoreComparing Brutus and Mark Antonys Funeral Speeches in Julius Caeser by William Shakespeare797 Words   |  4 PagesSpeeches in Julius Caeser by William Shakespeare Julius Caeser is a well known play written by William Shakespeare. It is based on the life and after life of the great roman leader, Caeser. One of the most important and memorable scenes in the play is when Brutus and Mark Antony give their speeches at Caesers funeral. In this essay I will be comparing to two, noting the key speech writing elements, and finally concluding which I think is most effective. The first speechRead MoreStart School Later And Let Teens Sleep : Persuasive Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesDiana Moreno Block 4 Mr. McCormick June 3, 2015 Start School Later and Let Teens Sleep: Persuasive Essay The national sleep epidemic that has taken the world by storm is also taking a toll in not only teen’s health but also their performance in school as well as personal safety. The sleep deprivation that teens are experiencing everyday has caused many health problems as well as academic problems. I believe starting school later will hinder this ever growing teen sleep deprivation problemRead MoreLearning Competencies1019 Words   |  5 Pagesaward-winning protest and patriotic songs and radio plays 5.1 Listen to appreciate the sound effects and dramatic interpretations employed in radio plays 5.2 Listen to appreciate the melody, rhythm, and lyrics of award winning songs used as musical themes in movies SPEAKING 1. Give a persuasive talk on an issue adjusting one ¶s rate/volume of speaking and register to suit the topic, audience, and setting in a communication situation 1.1 Use pausing and a slow rate of speech to signal importantRead MoreFrancis Bacon : An Essay3660 Words   |  15 Pagesword essay means the action or process of trying to test. Looking back through history, a man name Francis Bacon was the first person to write The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon: Of The Profiecience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Humane, an essay, with the first book, written about the significance of learning every field of life and the second part written about the lack of human knowledge and suggestions for improvement. After this successful period of Bacons’, more and more essays wereRead MoreWho s For The Game?1531 Words   |  7 PagesWithin this essay, I will be comparing two very different poems; the propaganda and pro-establishment poem ‘Who’s for the game? written in 1916 by Jessie Pope which attempted to recruit men to the army by creating an unrealistic, glorified image of war and Dulce et decorum est written by Wilfred Owe n in October 1917 which provides a horrific yet realistic insight into life as a solider. Within Who s for the game? , Pope uses various poetic devices to create a jovial, ebullient imageRead MorePoetry Research And Analysis Essay1959 Words   |  8 PagesPoetry Research and Analysis Essay Persuasive Wouldn’t it be great if everything was just black and white, unfortunately that’s not always the case? To me, the answer to the question regarding song lyrics being poetry is more complicated than yes or no. I think it falls in the gray area in the middle. In respect to that, I will discuss the fact that poetry and songs can be different in structure yet very similar in meaning; that without the voice implemented in the music, songs loose poetic andRead MoreHow Can Literature Be Used to Support and Develop Language and Literacy for Students in the Primary Years? Rationalise the Use of the Text (Chosen Literature) and Literature More Generally for Developing Language and3026 Words   |  13 PagesCurriculum. The three components are intertwined as literature is needed to be able to read and literature is meaningless if no one can read it. Language is needed to write/encode to create the literature and decode to understand it (literacy). This essay will look at the de finitions of literature, language and literacy and explore the benefits of using literature (The Very Cranky Bear by Nick Bland, 2011) to support and develop language and literacy in early primary school students. This Preparatory

The Effects Of Being a Athlete free essay sample

Student athletes are all around the world working hard not only for their grades, but for their sports as well. Being a student athlete can be very time consuming and the only way to stay on top of their game is working ahead of schedule. There are many different results that occur from being a student athlete such as the character traits, and the passion that are picked up along the road to success. In order to be a successful student athlete not only must a person be willing to spend a lot of time practicing, but that person must also be prepared for all of the obstacles that can come along the way such as; stress, character flaws, and even weak mental strength. Practicing a sport is much more than the sole act of pushing your body through exhaustion or using your skills to reach your goal. There are many effects that show after you get involved in a sport; physical, human, and social. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects Of Being a Athlete or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first major effect of practicing a sport is that you will develop physical abilities. Your body will be in better shape, and you will be able to achieve things that physically you couldnt accomplish before. By exercising on a regular basis your body will be healthier, which means fewer diseases and fewer injuries. People with a healthy life tend to live longer and happier. The second effect has to do with your personal life. Being a student athlete can be very difficult for people especially during school time knowing that they have to do both sports and class work. In order to forget about these obstacles one must be willing to work for that extra hour or two every day after both school and athletics. In order to be a student athlete one must not be afraid to multitask and even procrastinate a little bit. Even though procrastination is bad it still happens to athletes no matter how hard they try to avoid it. Yes, sports will get very deep into your life. Practicing a sport requires some time, so you will be entertained for a while everyday instead of watching television or surfing on the internet. By practice a sport youll get the chance to travel to new places where meets are held. And thats not all because once you enter a better level of competition; you may complete in national or international meets, attract sponsors, and even make a profit out of it. Most important is the effect that practicing a sport causes on your person, your social side. Being an athlete causes you to be more social because you’re always conversing with your fellow athletes. Being a student athlete always give that effect of being popular and not being afraid to talk with others. Athletes usually seem to be the type of people that get along well with others in most situations. Being an athlete causes you to meet more people, which is the reason for why they are so popular. You will meet a lot of people in the business, form beginners to professionals; however, only a small group of individuals will become your friends to the point of turning into your second family. That is having a team. As an athlete you will develop a strong character and a competitive spirit. Besides youll become more disciplined and responsible, which will certainly help you in your professional life. The effects of being an athlete shape your body, your life, and your mind in good ways. Practicing a sport keeps you entertained and far away from boredom. In addition you will have the chance to experience the amazing feeling of beating all your opponents down from the quarterfinals or crossing the finish line ahead of everyone else.

Online Personalities You Have to Accommodate in Web Writing - The Writers For Hire

HOW TO WRITE WEB COPY THAT SELLS STUFF AND ENGAGES PEOPLE #2: 5 ONLINE PERSONALITIES YOU HAVE TO ACCOMMODATE IN WEB WRITING Good copywriters know that there are lots of different online visitors, each with unique reading and learning styles. In order to connect with the greatest number of visitors, your website should give your readers the information they need in the way they want it. Below is a brief profile of the 5 online personalities, with best practice Web writing suggestions to get them hooked, make a sale, and convert them through your online copy. 1. The Information Gatherers: Information gatherers are researchers: they want to know as much information as they can before they make a call or place an order. They want to know your pricing, you guarantees or warranties, how your product or service works, your credentials – anything they can get their hands on, really. Consider them the well-informed consumers. Information gatherers will probably spend a lot of time on your website, clicking through different pages as they slowly amass knowledge. These types will be reading your copy attentively, so all of the standard copywriting rules apply to these folks: Be clear. Be concise. Be specific. Be benefit-oriented. The golden rule of attracting information gatherers is to never make them guess – use your website as a tool to explain your product or service in order to make the sale. Reach out to information gatherers by including: Charts comparing your product/service to your competitors Certifications and testimonials Detailed information: pricing, specs, processes, etc. Case studies 2. The Visual Learners Visual learners hate to read, but they love pictures and charts. These types look for visual representations that help them grab information quickly. Accommodate visual learners by adding graphics to your website – like a flow chart about how your business or service works, or a table comparing your prices to your competitor’s prices. Give them stuff to look at like: Comparison tables (your service or product vs. your competitors) Test results Process charts on how your service works Labeled diagrams Web tools Side note: There are lots of different types of web tools that can add an interactive element to your website. For instance, an energy auditing company might have an interactive calculator showing potential customers how much money they could save in a year, 3 years, and 5 years if they switch to fluorescent light bulbs. Make sure your copy is supported by design, and give the visual learners lots of eye candy like charts, graphics, and tools that grab attention. 3. The Doers You’ve probably known a doer or two in your life: Doers will come to your website. They might read a headline or two – maybe. Then they skip over all the rest of your well-crafted copy and scroll to the bottom of the page to call you, buy your product, or fill out your form. -->It’s hard for copywriter to believe that these people exist, but they do. Doers are hasty people. They’re the antithesis of information gatherers: They don’t want to research your website. Period. Doers want to find your action statement – and they want to find it fast. Side note: You know you have a doer on your hands when †¦ they don’t know anything about your company or product. We get calls all the time at TWFH for copyrighting – yes, COPYRIGHTING – though we are not, in fact, lawyers of any type. These callers obviously misspelled copywriting, and then just went straight to our phone number. There’s absolutely nothing on our website that would lead anyone to believe that we provide legal services. Thats what you get when you combine a doer with a simple spelling error. To make sure you make the doers happy, you just have to make contacting you easy: Highlight your call to action. Whether your call to action is â€Å"Print This Coupon† or â€Å"Sign Up for Our Newsletter† or â€Å"Buy Now,† make sure its highlighted, bold, and in a prominent position on your website. Put contact information on all of your Web pages Be sure to allow for multiple methods of contact: phone, email, forms, chat boxes. Consider putting forms on every page. Then, breathe easy as the doers come knocking at your door. 4. The Speed Readers Speed readers or at least they think they’re speed readers – are skimmers. Theyneedtogetasmuchinformationastheycaninaverysmallamountoftime. These are the people that bite down hard on your website, chew you up and spit you out. Speed readers figure they can get everything they need to know by reading the headlines and a few bolded points on your homepage. They’re not going to sit down and read every single word on your website (again, another antithesis to information gatherers). So to make speed readers happy, your copy needs to be broken up: Bullet points break up copy and highlight important information in a succinct manner. Headlines need to be big, bold, and targeted toward your reader. Use bold inside the body of your copy Only bold key statements so that they jump off of the page from the rest of your copy. Use bolding sparingly, and choose the information you want to bold carefully. One two-to-three word bold phrase per paragraph is usually plenty. Especially if your web copy is long (like this blog post), most ALL types of visitors will appreciate well-placed headlines, bullets, and bolding. Don’t let the eyes get overwhelmed by endless amounts of black and white text. 5. The Listeners Listeners would rather see it and hear it than read anything (have you noticed, by the way, how many types of people don’t like to read? That’s exactly why you need a clever copywriter that can sell to EVERYONE). Listeners can be kind of geeky. They’re often technophiles – they’re the kinds of people with multiple iPods in different colors. Or they might just be TV junkies rather than book worms. In order to reach out to listeners, you need some interactive, auditory stuff on your website. Things like: Instructional or marketing videos Interactive flash Talking heads and avatars Music Movement and sound keep their attention (even though we know those talking heads can be sort of creepy), so you need to distract them and sell to them at the same time. One Last Word to the Wise: Don’t forget that there are endless combinations of all five personality types. One of the most common combos are speed reader/gatherers. They read fast first, but the scan in depth later. Or you’ve got the ones that â€Å"do† when they are in a hurry, but will read more in depth if they’re putzing around at home. Most people don’t always follow one type all the time (no, not even us writers), but it’s important to be egalitarian and forward thinking: accommodate all personalities – regardless of positive attributes and annoying aspects so that people can interact with your content in whatever mode they’re in. This means that redundancy is ok in web writing – and good websites have a combination of elements that we’ve talked about. Bolded words and bullet points. Complete, clear, and concise information. Charts, graphics, or pictures that support your copy. Videos, flash, and voice recordings for the listeners. And a clear, highly visible call to action.

Alexander II Managing the Challenge of Modernizing Russia free essay sample

How successful did Alexander II manage the challenge of modernising Russia Since the nineteenth century it has been evident that Russia and much of Eastern Europe has struggled to keep up with the modernising western powers; a problem which has become apparent to Alexander II. They were socially, economically and politically behind in many aspects; industrialising was a huge problem due to problems with serfdom as well as poor infrastructure and transport links which made industrialising uneven across the whole of Russia. Economically, Russia was truggling with problems in agricultural production, expertise in Jobs and basic infrastructure such as transport links. In hindsight, his economical reforms proved to be the most successful. Most successful of his reforms includes the introduction of Reutern. He was extremely successful as he was able to borrow less money from other countries giving more independency; He also allowed infrastructure to improve through the construction of railways across the landscape of Russia. We will write a custom essay sample on Alexander II: Managing the Challenge of Modernizing Russia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is extremely significant as it meant more raw materials could be travelled making Russia more conomically stable and less reliable on other countries resources. Moreover, it encouraged more highly skilled and better qualified workers to move to Russia to design and created Jobs for those to build the railway in turn leading to faster industrialising and economic prosperity. Other reforms included a treasury being reformed as well as the abolition of tax farming. Reformation of the government and treasury is important as it meant the government was more efficient with its budgeting and therefore saved money reducing their debt and consequently boosting the Russian economy. However not all of Alexander reforms were successful. Most controversial was the emancipation of the serfs in 1861 which has both benefits and drawbacks. It created a more mobile workforce allowing serfs to travel and become better qualified as well as pay taxes so the government had more to spent in other sectors however its drawbacks must be considered; many peasants were unhappy at the newly introduced high levels of tax and poor incomes preventing them from leaving their ex-serf owners household. There were also other issues with Alexander II reforms to modernise Russia. While railways proved to be ighly useful they took long periods of times to build as well as large sums of money to construct them. There were also large amounts of anti-Semitism towards the Jews who were now able to trade creating a largely hostile environment and many sought this to be wrong. Despite this, Alexander II was significantly successful in modernising Russia as he was able to develop a stronger infrastructure with better transport links allowing Russia to make better use of its resources it had as opposed to lending from other countries. He also created many new Jobs in building the railway improving the economy. While the emancipation of the serfs was not his biggest success it was clear it was a huge step towards equality and freedom for the people within Russia. Socially it is evident that Alexander II was largely unsuccessful seen was the military changes he brought about. With the emancipation of the serfs, ex-serfs were no longer to be conscripted into war as had previously done which had created a large but weak army with little or no skills with weapons quickly leading to defeats for Russia. Military changes meant a more concise and better trained army was made which proved to be more effective In its war against turkey. The government also proved education to the military improving literacy rates among the poorer people who could not afford so. However, while a more efficient army with rankings for soldiers to aspire to it had many faults. Despite Russia defeating turkey this took a much longer period of time than had anticipated and the army was evidently still not particularly powerful after its defeats from both Japan and Germany. Little was done to improve the other social areas which so badly needed reform. In regards to Judicial and legal reforms all people were to be treated equally efore the court of law and criminal were to be heard by barrister and a Jury. This created a fairer system with less temptation to Judges being bribed as salaries went up. However there were still a number of problems; open courts to press and news gave revolutionaries chances to spread the words of their causes changing public opinion and encouraging the movement of radicals leading to more splinter groups of the nihilists. Censorship on the press was relaxed allowing many articles to be published without subject to contents checks giving more freedom to the writers owever this was soon revoked in the 1870s with the rapid expansion of critical writers towards the government with many showing discontent towards the tsar. Again, this encouraged radical voices to be heard and the spread of revolutionaries to increase giving way to more political opposition. Educational reform faced the same issues when they relaxed educational laws allowing all to attend some form of education. More radical thinkers expressed their attitude through public speaking and critical writing. Educational reform also showed an explosion in the radical ideas of women as they were allowed to attend education. It is therefore evident to see that Alexander II was largely unable to positively affect people socially due to his half attempts to change without changing the attitudes of the public. Moreover society was still largely unrepresentative as peasants population was disproportionate to the population of Russia. There were still a higher number of nobles representing the local government and the power of the Dumas and zemstrva was limited meaning that the peasants lives were largely unchanged. His inability to stick by his reforms and consequently reverse them the public angrier and more resentful than they had een before. Politically there were a number of challenges that Alexander II faced due to large amounts of opposition. Many were unhappy with reforms and the tsar and so small rebellion groups appeared with the first being known as the nihilists. This was largely made of younger generations many of whom were students who believed the whole governmental body failed and needed to be completely removed. Groups such as the nihilists slowly branched out with people differing in beliefs with some taking a more aggressive approach. Most notable of these groups was the peoples will who ere responsible with the attempted and successful murder of Alexander II which is Alexander II failed to repress the political opposition through the secret police as this led to more aggressive and violent protesters. Moreover trials that came about did little to repress the revolutionaries attempts as some such as the trial of the fifty or one hundred and ninety three allowed most to leave without consequence and very few were convicted and many revolutionaries were able to voice their opinion and spread the word such as Alexander Zheliabov who would also be involved in the ttempted murder of Alexander. It can therefore be said that politically Alexander II failed to modernise Russia as he failed to repress the revolutionaries threat and almost encouraged it with his inability to please the peasants and younger generation. Whilst Alexander II succeeded in his economical reforms to modernise Russia with an improved infrastructure and the introduction of Reutern he essentially failed politically to repress the revolutionaries action and was not hard enough on them allowing them to continue to spread the word but also socially as his nability to stick to his action and eventually reverse them made him look weak and unsettled the Russian population.

Biology †Characteristics of Life and Principles

Biology - Characteristics of Life and Principles What is biology? Simply put, it is the study of life, in all of its grandeur. Biology concerns all life forms, from the very small algae to the very large elephant. But how do we know if something is living? For example,  is a virus alive or dead? To answer these questions, biologists have created a set of criteria called the characteristics of life.   The Characteristics of Life Living things include both the visible world of animals, plants, and fungi as well as the invisible world of bacteria and viruses. On a basic level, we can say that life is ordered. Organisms have an enormously complex organization. Were all familiar with the intricate systems of the basic unit of life, the cell. Life can work. No, this doesnt mean all animals are qualified for a job. It means that living creatures can take in energy from the environment. This energy, in the form of food, is transformed to maintain metabolic processes and for survival. Life grows and develops. This means more than just replicating or getting larger in size. Living organisms also have the ability to rebuild and repair themselves when injured. Life can reproduce. Have you ever seen dirt reproduce? I dont think so. Life can only come from other living creatures. Life can respond. Think about the last time you accidentally stubbed your toe. Almost instantly, you flinched back in pain. Life is characterized by this response to stimuli. Finally, life can adapt and respond to the demands placed on it by the environment. There are three basic types of adaptations that can occur in higher organisms. Reversible changes occur as a response to changes in the environment. Lets say you live near sea level and you travel to a mountainous area. You may begin to experience difficulty breathing and an increase in heart rate as a result of the change in altitude. These symptoms go away when you go back down to sea level.Somatic changes occur as a result of prolonged changes in the environment. Using the previous example, if you were to stay in the mountainous area for a long time, you would notice that your heart rate would begin to slow down and you would begin to breath normally. Somatic changes are also reversible.The final type of adaptation is called genotypic (caused by genetic mutation). These changes take place within the genetic makeup of the organism and are not reversible. An example would be the development of resistance to pesticides by insects and spiders. In summary, life is organized, works, grows, reproduces, responds to stimuli and adapts. These characteristics form the basis of the study of biology. Basic Principles of Biology The foundation of biology as it exists today is based on five basic principles. They are the cell theory, gene theory, evolution, homeostasis, and laws of thermodynamics. Cell Theory: all living organisms are composed of cells. The cell is the basic unit of life.Gene Theory: traits are inherited through gene transmission. Genes are located on chromosomes and consist of DNA.Evolution: any genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations. These changes may be small or large, noticeable or not so noticeable.Homeostasis: ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes.Thermodynamics: energy is constant and energy transformation is not completely efficient. Subdiciplines of BiologyThe field of biology is very broad in scope and can be divided into several disciplines. In the most general sense, these disciplines are categorized based on the type of organism studied. For example,  zoology deals with animal studies, botany deals with plant studies, and microbiology is the study of microorganisms. These fields of study can be broken down further into several specialized sub-disciplines. Some of which include anatomy, cell biology, genetics, and physiology.

Profile of Ford Motor Group - Henry Ford organisation Lab Report

Profile of Ford Motor Group - Henry Ford organisation - Lab Report Example The organisation culture of FMC has also been a heritage for the company, which would be evaluated in the report. Finally the framework of FMC for motivating the employees would be scrutinised so as to understand the human resource management initiatives of the company. FMC has always believed in one theme when it comes to human resource, i.e. ‘One Team, One Plan, and One Goal’ (Ford Motor Company, 2013). It has always tried to deliver solutions which will affect not only the business but the lives of people. It is the motto of the company to support and develop its human resources that design, develop, and sell the best vehicles in the world. Company Overview FMC is one of the most famous automobile manufacturers in the world. The company is headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, USA. It was founded in 1903 by Henry Ford. FMC was the most sold automobile brand across the world before World War II. The large scale car manufacturing concept was introduced by Ford Motors in 1914 (Ford Motors Company, 2011). Ford has been a stable company all throughout its journey, though the company was also a victim of the global financial crisis which engulfed many stable leading companies of America, but Ford managed to save itself from bankruptcy. It recorded an operating profit of $ 8.8 billion in 2011, or $ 1.51 per share earnings. This revenue figure states that there has been an increase of $463 million in 2011 from 2010. The net income amounted to $20,213 in 2011, which is much higher than the net income of 2010, $6,561 million. The company is also into financing of vehicles, insurance and leasing (Bloomberg, 2012). Profile of Henry Ford ‘Entrepreneurs are not born, rather they become through the experiences of their lives’, has been stated by Professor Albert Shapiro of Ohio State University (National Content Standards for Entrepreneurship Education, n. d.). This saying is appropriate for Henry Ford. Henry Ford was born on the 30th of July 1863. He is well-known around the world, of course for FMC, but apart from this, he is also known for developing the system of mass production with the help of assembly line. Henry Ford discovered the creed called Fordism, which preached mass production of inexpensive products by offering high wages to workers (Seligman, n. d.). He had intense commitment towards reducing the cost of production and offering automobiles to Americans, which they can easily afford to buy. It was the vision of no one other than Henry Ford, to offer unprecedented mobility to the people which changed the lives of millions around the world. He is not only remembered for the automobiles that his company produced, but also for improving the standard of living of people through his inventions such as Ford Model T, or Qadricycle, and the assembly line approach (Ford Motor Company, 2012). Henry Ford introduced better automobiles after Qadricycle, and in order to publicise them, he drove his own race cars. The first c ar that FMC sold was in 1903, and it was a Model A car which was sold to a dentist at a price of $850. However, Henry Ford became one of the richest men in the world, mainly because of Model T cars. Even during 1914, he paid $5 per day wage to his workers. Henry Ford had a view that if the